Advances in intestinal flora and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder / 国际儿科学杂志

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children, which can be characterized by hyperactivity and(or)impulsivity, inattention, or a combination.The etiology and pathophysiological mechanism of ADHD have not been clarified yet.More and more studies have shown ADHD has intestinal flora disorder, which may affect the occurrence and development of ADHD through microbiome-gut-brain axis (MGBA). Treatment strategies targeting gut microbiota, including probiotics and dietary therapies, are considered to be a novel and effective method for the prevention or treatment of ADHD.This article reviews the changes of intestinal flora and the progress of diet and probiotics in ADHD children, in order to provide new ideas for treatment of ADHD children.

Predictive value of bioelectrical impedance analysis-measured body fat to abnormal lipid profiles in children and adolescents: the optimal cut-off values of body fat / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To assess the predictive values of bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)-measured body fat indices to abnormal lipid profiles, and to preliminary propose optimal cut-off values of body fat in children and adolescents.Methods:Children and adolescents, aged 6-16 years, were selected from 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12-year education school) in Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by adopting a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018.Questionnaire survey, body mass index(BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), fat mass percentage (FMP) and four lipid profiles were conducted.Results:A total of 14 309 participants, aged (11.0±3.3) years, were enrolled in the analysis, with 49.9% boys.In boys and girls, the percentile values ( P60- P95) fitted by FMI and FMP with K-median-coefficient of variation(LMS) method were taken as the cutting points, and P75 values were selected as the cut-off points of excessive body fat for their better sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and area under curve (AUC) for identification of abnormal lipid profiles.Boys with FMI above P75 accounted for 28% of the total population, and controlling boys with FMI below P75 could prevent dyslipidemia of 8%-57%.FMI in girl population occupied about 26% of the above, and controlling FMI in girl population below this cut-off point may prevent dyslipidemia from 8%-42%.FMP observed similar results to FMI.Assessed by FMI or FMP with P75 cut-off values, adiposity performed better than BMI for recognizing abnormal lipid profiles in boys (AUC: 52.4%-69.6% vs.50.2%-67.1%, P<0.05) rather than in girls ( P>0.05). In addition, when FMI or FMP beyond P90, the specificity of each abnormal lipid profiles was around 90%. Conclusions:The recommend cut-off points for body fat may be to assess children′s adiposity, and can be applied in preventive activities.

A comparative study on diagnostic cut points of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in China / 中华流行病学杂志

To compare the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by different sets of cut points in the prediction of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and identify the appropriate cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in China. Data were obtained from the baseline survey of 'School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program' in Beijing in 2017. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed by using two set of cut points. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by the two set of cut points to predict the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, high fat mass percentage and impaired fasting glucose. A total of 14 390 children and adolescents were in included in the study. The prevalence rates of high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high TG in the participants were 2.7, 2.7, 14.4, and 3.7 according to 'Chinese Reference Standard', and 5.0, 3.7, 13.3, and 3.5 according to 'China Expert Consensus'. Low HDL-C and high TG defined by the 'Chinese Reference Standard' had better performance for the prediction of high fat mass percentage and obesity in boys, but worse performance in girls (<0.001). Using 'China Reference Standard' can increase the true positive rate in the prediction of obesity or high fat mass percentage in boys, and reduce the false positive rate in girls. The cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents need to be further validated by using national representative sample and in longitudinal study.

A comparative study on diagnostic cut points of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in China / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To compare the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by different sets of cut points in the prediction of cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and identify the appropriate cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in China.@*Methods@#Data were obtained from the baseline survey of 'School-based Cardiovascular and Bone Health Promotion Program’ in Beijing in 2017. Dyslipidemia was diagnosed by using two set of cut points. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the power of dyslipidemia diagnosis by the two set of cut points to predict the prevalence of hypertension, obesity, high fat mass percentage and impaired fasting glucose.@*Results@#A total of 14 390 children and adolescents were in included in the study. The prevalence rates of high TC, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, and high TG in the participants were 2.7%, 2.7%, 14.4%, and 3.7% according to 'Chinese Reference Standard’, and 5.0%, 3.7%, 13.3%, and 3.5% according to 'China Expert Consensus’. Low HDL-C and high TG defined by the 'Chinese Reference Standard’ had better performance for the prediction of high fat mass percentage and obesity in boys, but worse performance in girls (P<0.001).@*Conclusions@#Using 'China Reference Standard’ can increase the true positive rate in the prediction of obesity or high fat mass percentage in boys, and reduce the false positive rate in girls. The cut points for the diagnosis of dyslipidemia in Chinese children and adolescents need to be further validated by using national representative sample and in longitudinal study.

Value of body fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis in predicting abnormal blood pressure and abnormal glucose metabolism in children / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the value of body fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in predicting abnormal blood pressure and abnormal glucose metabolism in children.@*METHODS@#Stratified cluster sampling was used to select the students aged 6-16 years, and a questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed. The BIA apparatus was used to measure body fat mass. Body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI), and fat mass percentage (FMP) were calculated. Fasting blood glucose level were measured.@*RESULTS@#A total of 14 293 children were enrolled, among whom boys accounted for 49.89%. In boys and girls, the percentile values (P, P, P, P, P, P, P, P) of FMI and FMP fitted by the LMS method were taken as the cut-off values. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the P values with a better value in predicting abnormal blood pressure and blood glucose metabolism were selected as the cut-off values for excessive body fat. When FMI or FMP was controlled below P, the incidence of abnormal blood pressure or abnormal glucose metabolism may be decreased in 8.25%-43.24% of the children.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The evaluation of obesity based on FMI and FMP has a certain value in screening for hypertension and hyperglycemia in children, which can be further verified in the future prevention and treatment of obesity and related chronic diseases in children.

The association between blood lipids and calcaneus bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years in Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between blood lipid and calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD) in children and adolescents aged 6-16 years in Beijing.@*Methods@#Children and adolescents were selected in 30 schools (8 primary schools, 21 middle schools and one 12-year education school) from Dongcheng, Tongzhou, Fangshan and Miyun districts of Beijing by using a stratified cluster sampling method from November 2017 to January 2018. A total of 14 303 students in grade 1 to 4 of primary school, grade 1 of junior and senior middle school were enrolled after excluding subjects who were not able to participate into this study due to trauma or other uncomfortable physical conditions or with missing key values or with diabetes and kidney diseases. Questionnaire survey, blood lipid and calcaneus BMD were conducted. Multivariate linear regression was applied to quantify the association between calcaneal BMD as a dependent variable and blood lipid level as an independent variable after adjusting for the potential confounding factors. Furthermore, quantile regression was used to analyze the association between blood lipid level and different percentiles (P25, P50 and P75) of ultrasonic velocity values of bone mineral density, and parallel test was conducted for regression coefficients of different percentiles.@*Results@#A total of 14 303 participants aged (11.4±3.3) years (49.9% boys) were involved in the analysis. The mean age of 14 303 participants was (11.0±3.3) years. 7 142 boys accounted for 49.9%. The mean±SD of calcaneal BMD, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were (1 540.9±33.8) m/s, (3.90±0.76), (2.18±0.62), and (1.40±0.32) mmol/L, respectively. The P50 (P25, P75) of triglyceride (TG) was 0.69 (0.49-0.94) mmol/L. After the adjustment of age, height, smoking, drinking, vitamin D and calcium supplementation, dairy intake, physical activity, FMI, and MMI, a significantly inverse association (P<0.05) between TG level and calcaneus BMD was observed in both genders, which the regression coefficients (95%CI) in boys and girls were -0.064 (-0.085, -0.044) and -0.073 (-0.094, -0.053), respectively.@*Conclusion@#The level of BMD was associated with TG in boys and girls. Therefore, it is important to prevent children from hypertriglyceridemia for the bone health promotion.

The effects of IL-8-activated tumor-associated macrophages on hepatocellular carcino-ma invasion and metastasis / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:To study the effects of IL-8 on the polarization of monocytes and the effects of IL-8-induced tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)on the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:After exogenous IL-8 stimulation of THP-1 cells for 72h,the percentages of M1 and M2 TAMs were examined.RT-PCR and Western blot assays were used to study epitheli-al-mesenchymal transition(EMT),and wound-healing and transwell assays were preformed to study the invasion potential of HCC cells after co-culturing with TAMs and HCC cell lines in vitro.Lastly,100 cases of HCC tissue samples were used to validate the correlation among TAM numbers,IL-8,and EMT features of HCC cells via immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining methods.Results:Exogenous IL-8 induced significant M2 polarization of TAMs in THP-1 cells.TAMs further promoted EMT in HCC and enhanced the invasion potential of HCC in vitro.Finally,significant positive correlations among the numbers of TAMs,IL-8 expression,and N-cadherin expression were identified in primary HCC tissue samples(r=0.22,r=0.20,P<0.05).Conclusions:IL-8 locally attracted and activated TAMs,and promot-ed M2 polarization of TAMs,which further promoted the EMT and invasion potential of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Analysis on the relationship between Occupational Stress Factors and Psychological Stress Reaction among Petrochemical Workers / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#Analyze the detection rates of occupational contraindication and suspected occupational disease from the employee exposure to noise and describe the distribution characteristics.@*Methods@#According to the Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance (GBZ 188-2014) 、Diagnosis of Occupational Noise-induced Deafness (GBZ 49-2014) and Guideline of Identification of Contraindication to Job Placement (GBZ/T 260-2014) , calculate and analyze the occupational contraindication and suspected occupational disease detection rates of 149 271 workers from January 1st to December 31st in 2015 who were exposed to noise. Analyze the detection rates distribution characteristics between different gender, age, seniority, industry and enterprise scale.@*Results@#The detection rates of occupational contraindication is 2.08%. The suspected occupational disease detection rates of absences workers (2.13%) is higher than during (2.03%) . The occupational contraindication detection rates of< age 20 (2.64%) , 41~50 years old (2.48%) and<1 working years (5.35%) , are higher than others. The detection rates of suspected occupational disease increases with the growth of ages and working years. The occupational contraindication detection rates of scientific research and technology services industry (10.46%) is the highest. The suspected occupational disease detection rates of transportation warehousing and postal services (5.88%) is the highest. The occupational contraindication detection rates of medium-sized enterprise (2.27%) is the highest, meanwhile, the microenterprise’s (1.60%) is the lowest. The suspected occupational disease detection rates of large-scale enterprise (3.21%) is the highest, meanwhile, the microenterprise’s (1.33%) is the lowest.@*Conclusion@#Enterprise should insist on regular occupational health examination, strengthen screening of occupational contraindication in new workers, especially pre-job workers and detect the occupational disease patients early. Focus on non-traditional noise industries above mentioned, improve intensity of noise hazards prevention and control. The detection rates of occupational contraindication and suspected occupational disease can be used as a reference standard for the quality control of occupational examination and report of medical institutions.

Meta analysis on hand hygiene compliance and correct rate among doctors and nurses / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To systematically evaluate the compliance and correct rate of hand hygiene(HH) among doctors and nurses in secondary and above hospitals in mainland China,and provide data support for HH promotion.Methods Literatures about study on HH in mainland China after 2015 were retrieved from Chinese and English databases,researchers evaluated the literatures according to the relevant standards,screened the qualified literatures and extracted the data strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,Meta analysis was adopted to analyze the compliance and the correct rate of HH of doctors and nurses in different levels of hospitals and at different departments.Results The overall compliance rate of HH of nurses was higher than doctors,compliance rates of HH of doctors and nurses were 55.9％ (95 ％CI:45.9％,65.8％) and 66.0％ (95％CI:58.8％,73.1％) respectively;HH correct rates of doctors and nurses were 65.2％ (95％CI:53.6％,76.9％) and 67.9％(95％CI:56.9％,78.9％) respectively.Compliance rates of HH of doctors and nurses in tertiary hospitals were both higher than secondary hospitals,compliance and correct rates of HH of doctors and nurses in intensive care unit were both higher than general departments.Conclusion The compliance and correct rate of HH in mainland China need to be further improved,especially the promotion in primary hospitals and general departments.

Exploratory analysis on burden of disease attributable to asbestosis from 2006 to 2015 / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To analyze the levels and trends of the burden of disease attributable to asbestosis from 2006 to 2015.@*Methods@#Theincidence of asbestosis from 2006 to 2015 was used for calculation, with data of disability weight and remission rate from Global burden of disease study 2015 (GBD 2015) and DisMoD-MR 2.1 software for the calculation of duration and age of year onset. The reference template of GBD was adopted to calculate disability adjusted life year (DALY) , year of life lost (YLL) and year of lived with disability (YLD) value in order to analyze the level and changing trend of burden of disease attributable to asbestosis.@*Results@#A total YLD attributable to asbestosis during 2006 and 2015 in China was 39632. The YLD burden of female was more severe than male, which accounted for 20361 in female and 19271 in male. In 2015, DALY attributable to asbestosis decreased from 8623.76 in 2006 to 6436. Among that, in 2015, YLD was 6436 and YLL was 73.76. 2006 had a highest level of DALY and 2008 had the lowest level of DALY, which accounted for 8623.76 in 2006 and 1558 in 2008. DALY during 2008 and 2015 had a fluctuant increase, and both male and female had such trend.@*Conclusion@#The level of burden of disease attributable to asbestosis is higher in male than in female during 2006 and 2015. Between 2006 and 2015, burden of disease attributable to asbestosis has a fluctuant increase trend.

Comparison of Brucellacapt and iELISA in serological diagnosis of brucellosis / 中国人兽共患病学报

Brucellacapt is a new serological test based on immunocapture-agglutination technique that has been used in many countries ,but there was no related article reported in China .The value of the Brucellacapt method in diagnosing human brucellosis was evaluated in this study .Among 120 suspected patients ,75 patients and 45 negatives were diagnosed by SAT and RBPT method combination with their clinical symptoms .Sera from all 120 people were tested by the method of Brucella-capt and iELISA ,and the results were ,consequently ,analyzed and compared .It showed that sensitivity ,specificity ,consis-tency rate ,Kappa value ,and area under ROC curve were found to be 82 .7% ,88 .9% ,85 .0% ,0 .69 ,and 0 .86 ,respectively for Brucellacapt ,whereas they were found to be 90 .7% ,64 .4% ,80 .8% ,0 .57 ,and 0 .78 for iELISA .In conclusion ,specific-ity ,consistency rate ,Kappa value ,and area under ROC curve were higher in Brucellacapt method than that in iELISA .How-ever ,the sensitivity of iELISA is higher .